Agroforestry-Based Ecosystem Services
van Noordwijk, Meine
Agroforestry-Based Ecosystem Services - Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute 2021 - 1 electronic resource (476 p.)
Open Access
As a dynamic interface between agriculture and forestry, agroforestry has only recently been formally recognized as a relevant part of land use with ‘trees outside forest’ in important parts of the world—but not everywhere yet. The Sustainable Development Goals have called attention to the need for the multifunctionality of landscapes that simultaneously contribute to multiple goals. In the UN decade of landscape restoration, as well as in response to the climate change urgency and biodiversity extinction crisis, an increase in global tree cover is widely seen as desirable, but its management by farmers or forest managers remains contested. Agroforestry research relates tree–soil–crop–livestock interactions at the plot level with landscape-level analysis of social-ecological systems and efforts to transcend the historical dichotomy between forest and agriculture as separate policy domains. An ‘ecosystem services’ perspective quantifies land productivity, flows of water, net greenhouse gas emissions, and biodiversity conservation, and combines an ‘actor’ perspective (farmer, landscape manager) with that of ‘downstream’ stakeholders (in the same watershed, ecologically conscious consumers elsewhere, global citizens) and higher-level regulators designing land-use policies and spatial zoning.
Creative Commons
English
books978-3-0365-1741-4 9783036517421 9783036517414
10.3390/books978-3-0365-1741-4 doi
Research & information: general
carbon storage cacao agroforestry farmer tree preference utility value entrainment erosion forest conversion overland flow soil macroporosity throughfall water balance boundary work ecohydrology forest–water–people nexus landscape approach participatory methods scenario evaluation social-ecological systems tropical forests assisted natural regeneration (ANR) co-investment ecosystem services environmental stewardship equity forest and landscape restoration (FLR) rights-based approach tree planting water coffee fruit trees index of root anchoring slope stability soil shear strength root length density root tensile strength agroforestry carbon sequestration climate change mitigation grazing management land restoration nationally determined contribution silvopastoral tree cover cocoa agroforestry climate adaptation soil restoration soil organic carbon soil macro-porosity soil water availability inceptisols Fraxinus dimorpha soil chemical characteristics mycorrhizal attributes traditional ecological knowledge anastomosis agroforest silvopasture economics financial analysis carbon payment Peru innovation transfer trimming intention participatory and integrative research-extension stakeholders adaptation Kisumu Bungoma payment for ecosystem services village savings and loan associations fruit tree-based agroforestry economic benefits farmer perspectives resource competition systems improvement uptake and expansion cost-benefit analysis landscape restoration global stocktake agroforestry coffee shade tree species pairwise ranking Vietnam trees on farm options by context on-farm planned comparison tree seedling survival agriculture sector cost efficiency land suitability potential expansion areas representative concentration pathway cocoa Java livelihoods rural–urban remittances returning migrants Sumatra Sulawesi certification deforestation palm oil forest classification Jambi legality independent smallholders agroforestry concessions West Kalimantan land-use change belowground biodiversity soil engineers Pontoscolex corethrurus natural habitats planted forest artesian wells Oryza paddy cultivation restoration rodents sustainable intensification Mount Bromo-Tengger coinvestment instrumental values landscape relational values social–ecological systems stewardship sustainable development goals (SDGs) trees n/a
Agroforestry-Based Ecosystem Services - Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute 2021 - 1 electronic resource (476 p.)
Open Access
As a dynamic interface between agriculture and forestry, agroforestry has only recently been formally recognized as a relevant part of land use with ‘trees outside forest’ in important parts of the world—but not everywhere yet. The Sustainable Development Goals have called attention to the need for the multifunctionality of landscapes that simultaneously contribute to multiple goals. In the UN decade of landscape restoration, as well as in response to the climate change urgency and biodiversity extinction crisis, an increase in global tree cover is widely seen as desirable, but its management by farmers or forest managers remains contested. Agroforestry research relates tree–soil–crop–livestock interactions at the plot level with landscape-level analysis of social-ecological systems and efforts to transcend the historical dichotomy between forest and agriculture as separate policy domains. An ‘ecosystem services’ perspective quantifies land productivity, flows of water, net greenhouse gas emissions, and biodiversity conservation, and combines an ‘actor’ perspective (farmer, landscape manager) with that of ‘downstream’ stakeholders (in the same watershed, ecologically conscious consumers elsewhere, global citizens) and higher-level regulators designing land-use policies and spatial zoning.
Creative Commons
English
books978-3-0365-1741-4 9783036517421 9783036517414
10.3390/books978-3-0365-1741-4 doi
Research & information: general
carbon storage cacao agroforestry farmer tree preference utility value entrainment erosion forest conversion overland flow soil macroporosity throughfall water balance boundary work ecohydrology forest–water–people nexus landscape approach participatory methods scenario evaluation social-ecological systems tropical forests assisted natural regeneration (ANR) co-investment ecosystem services environmental stewardship equity forest and landscape restoration (FLR) rights-based approach tree planting water coffee fruit trees index of root anchoring slope stability soil shear strength root length density root tensile strength agroforestry carbon sequestration climate change mitigation grazing management land restoration nationally determined contribution silvopastoral tree cover cocoa agroforestry climate adaptation soil restoration soil organic carbon soil macro-porosity soil water availability inceptisols Fraxinus dimorpha soil chemical characteristics mycorrhizal attributes traditional ecological knowledge anastomosis agroforest silvopasture economics financial analysis carbon payment Peru innovation transfer trimming intention participatory and integrative research-extension stakeholders adaptation Kisumu Bungoma payment for ecosystem services village savings and loan associations fruit tree-based agroforestry economic benefits farmer perspectives resource competition systems improvement uptake and expansion cost-benefit analysis landscape restoration global stocktake agroforestry coffee shade tree species pairwise ranking Vietnam trees on farm options by context on-farm planned comparison tree seedling survival agriculture sector cost efficiency land suitability potential expansion areas representative concentration pathway cocoa Java livelihoods rural–urban remittances returning migrants Sumatra Sulawesi certification deforestation palm oil forest classification Jambi legality independent smallholders agroforestry concessions West Kalimantan land-use change belowground biodiversity soil engineers Pontoscolex corethrurus natural habitats planted forest artesian wells Oryza paddy cultivation restoration rodents sustainable intensification Mount Bromo-Tengger coinvestment instrumental values landscape relational values social–ecological systems stewardship sustainable development goals (SDGs) trees n/a