Spumaretroviruses
Khan, Arifa
Spumaretroviruses - Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute 2021 - 1 electronic resource (352 p.)
Open Access
Foamy viruses, currently referred to as spumaretroviruses, are the most ancient retroviruses as evidenced by traces of viral sequences dispersed in all vertebrate classes from fish to mammals. Additionally, infectious foamy viruses circulate in a variety of mammalian species including simian, bovine, equine, caprine, and feline. Foamy viruses have many unique features which led to the division of the retrovirus family into two subfamilies, the Orthoretrovirinae and Spumaretrovirinae. In vitro, foamy viruses have a broad host range and in vivo, human infections have been described due to cross-species transmission from infected nonhuman primates. Thus far, there are no reports of virus-induced disease in humans or in the natural host species. These unique properties of foamy viruses have led researchers to develop foamy viruses as gene therapy vectors to study virus–virus and virus–host interactions for identifying factors involved in virus replication, transmission, and immune regulation that could influence potential clinical outcomes in humans as well as for using endogenous foamy virus sequences in the analysis of host species evolution.
Creative Commons
English
books978-3-0365-0595-4 9783036505947 9783036505954
10.3390/books978-3-0365-0595-4 doi
Medicine
Neurosciences
spumavirus feline illness proviral load neglected virus bovine foamy virus infectious clone particle release cell-free transmission foamy virus spumaretrovirus cross-species virus transmission zoonosis restriction factors immune responses FV vectors virus replication latent infection feline foamy virus epidemiology retrovirus Spumaretrovirus mountain lion Puma concolor ELISA protease reverse transcriptase RNase H reverse transcription antiviral drugs resistance simian foamy virus gibbon lesser apes co-evolution complete viral genome equine foamy virus isolation Japan sero-epidemiology reptile foamy virus endogenous foamy virus endogenous retrovirus ancient retroviruses co-speciation foamy virus-host interactions viral tropism infection kidney cats chronic kidney disease chronic renal disease integrase integration co-infections NHP pathogenesis zoonoses viral prevalence Neotropical primates free-living primates Brazil new world primates simian retrovirus BFV spuma virus model system animal model animal experiment miRNA function gene expression antiviral host restriction gene therapy in-vivo gene therapy hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells foamy virus vector pre-clinical canine model SCID-X1 innate sensing cGAS STING foamy viruses wild ruminants European bison red deer roe deer fallow deer seroreactivity inter-species transmission HSC gene marking FV gene transfer to HSCs gene therapy alternatives serotype high-throughput sequencing replication kinetics cytopathic effect reverse transcriptase activity miRNA expression virus-host-interaction miRNA target gene identification innate immunity ANKRD17 Bif1 (SH3GLB1) replication in vitro
Spumaretroviruses - Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute 2021 - 1 electronic resource (352 p.)
Open Access
Foamy viruses, currently referred to as spumaretroviruses, are the most ancient retroviruses as evidenced by traces of viral sequences dispersed in all vertebrate classes from fish to mammals. Additionally, infectious foamy viruses circulate in a variety of mammalian species including simian, bovine, equine, caprine, and feline. Foamy viruses have many unique features which led to the division of the retrovirus family into two subfamilies, the Orthoretrovirinae and Spumaretrovirinae. In vitro, foamy viruses have a broad host range and in vivo, human infections have been described due to cross-species transmission from infected nonhuman primates. Thus far, there are no reports of virus-induced disease in humans or in the natural host species. These unique properties of foamy viruses have led researchers to develop foamy viruses as gene therapy vectors to study virus–virus and virus–host interactions for identifying factors involved in virus replication, transmission, and immune regulation that could influence potential clinical outcomes in humans as well as for using endogenous foamy virus sequences in the analysis of host species evolution.
Creative Commons
English
books978-3-0365-0595-4 9783036505947 9783036505954
10.3390/books978-3-0365-0595-4 doi
Medicine
Neurosciences
spumavirus feline illness proviral load neglected virus bovine foamy virus infectious clone particle release cell-free transmission foamy virus spumaretrovirus cross-species virus transmission zoonosis restriction factors immune responses FV vectors virus replication latent infection feline foamy virus epidemiology retrovirus Spumaretrovirus mountain lion Puma concolor ELISA protease reverse transcriptase RNase H reverse transcription antiviral drugs resistance simian foamy virus gibbon lesser apes co-evolution complete viral genome equine foamy virus isolation Japan sero-epidemiology reptile foamy virus endogenous foamy virus endogenous retrovirus ancient retroviruses co-speciation foamy virus-host interactions viral tropism infection kidney cats chronic kidney disease chronic renal disease integrase integration co-infections NHP pathogenesis zoonoses viral prevalence Neotropical primates free-living primates Brazil new world primates simian retrovirus BFV spuma virus model system animal model animal experiment miRNA function gene expression antiviral host restriction gene therapy in-vivo gene therapy hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells foamy virus vector pre-clinical canine model SCID-X1 innate sensing cGAS STING foamy viruses wild ruminants European bison red deer roe deer fallow deer seroreactivity inter-species transmission HSC gene marking FV gene transfer to HSCs gene therapy alternatives serotype high-throughput sequencing replication kinetics cytopathic effect reverse transcriptase activity miRNA expression virus-host-interaction miRNA target gene identification innate immunity ANKRD17 Bif1 (SH3GLB1) replication in vitro