Landier, Lucas <br/><br/>
Chapter Remote Sensing Studies of Urban Canopies: 3D Radiative Transfer Modeling 

 -  InTechOpen  2016 
<br/><br/> Open Access 
<br/><br/> Need for better understanding and more accurate estimation of radiative fluxes in urban environments, specifically urban surface albedo and exitance, motivates development of new remote sensing and three‐dimensional (3D) radiative transfer (RT) modeling methods. The discrete anisotropic radiative transfer (DART) model, one of the most comprehensive physically based 3D models simulating Earth/atmosphere radiation interactions, was used in combination with satellite data (e.g., Landsat‐8 observations) to better parameterize the radiative budget components of cities, such as Basel in Switzerland. After presenting DART and its recent RT modeling functions, we present a methodological concept for estimating urban fluxes using any satellite image data. 
<br/><br/><br/>Creative Commons 
<br/><br/><br/>English 
<br/><br/><label>ISBN: </label>63887 
<br/><br/><label>Standard No.: </label>10.5772/63887  doi 
<br/><br/><label>Subjects--Topical Terms: </label><br/>Ecological science, the Biosphere
<br/><br/><label>Subjects--Index Terms: </label>DART, model, radiative transfer, albedo, thermal exitance, remote sensing, urban canopies