TY - GEN AU - Moustakas,Michael AU - Moustakas,Michael TI - The Role of Metal Ions in Biology, Biochemistry and Medicine SN - books978-3-0365-1055-2 PY - 2021/// CY - Basel, Switzerland PB - MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute KW - Research & information: general KW - bicssc KW - aluminium KW - chlorophyll fluorescence KW - durum wheat KW - excitation pressure KW - non-photochemical quenching KW - photosynthesis KW - photoprotection KW - photoinhibition KW - reactive oxygen species KW - triticale KW - Cd toxicity KW - detoxification mechanism KW - photochemical quenching KW - photosynthetic heterogeneity KW - photoprotective mechanism KW - phytoremediation KW - plastoquinone pool KW - redox state KW - spatiotemporal variation KW - mercury KW - biosorption KW - dead cells KW - Lysinibacillus sphaericus KW - dithizone KW - GF-AAS KW - EDS-SEM KW - adaptive response KW - hormetic response KW - hydrogen peroxide KW - marine angiosperms KW - reactive oxygen species (ROS) KW - zinc oxide nanoparticles KW - titanium dioxide KW - nanoparticles KW - solubility KW - toxicity KW - skin KW - safety KW - bimetallic nanoparticles KW - mature leaves KW - spatiotemporal heterogeneity KW - young leaves KW - osteoblasts KW - corrosion KW - ions KW - particles KW - osteolysis KW - inflammation KW - bioimaging KW - clary sage KW - effective quantum yield (ΦPSΙΙ) KW - non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) KW - photochemical quenching (qp) KW - singlet oxygen (1O2) KW - aseptic loosening KW - metal ions KW - monocytes KW - macrophages KW - 5-caffeoylquinic acid KW - chlorogenic acid KW - zinc KW - plant phenolic compounds KW - oxidative stress KW - n/a N1 - Open Access N2 - Metal ions are fundamental elements for the maintenance of the lifespan of plants, animals and humans. Their substantial role in biological systems was recognized a long time ago. They are essential for the maintenance of life and their absence can cause growth disorders, severe malfunction, carcinogenesis or death. They are protagonists as macro- or microelements in several structural and functional roles, participating in many bio-chemical reactions, and arise in several forms. They participate in intra- and intercellular communications, in maintaining electrical charges and osmotic pressure, in photosynthesis and electron transfer processes, in the maintenance of pairing, stacking and the stability of nucleotide bases and also in the regulation of DNA transcription. They contribute to the proper functioning of nerve cells, muscle cells, the brain and the heart, the transport of oxygen and to many other biological processes up to the point that we cannot even imagine a life without metals. In this book, the papers published in the Special Issue “The Role of Metal Ions in Biology, Biochemistry and Medicine” are summarized, providing a picture of metal ion uses in biology, biochemistry and medicine, but also pointing out the toxicity impacts on plants, animals, humans and the environment UR - https://mdpi.com/books/pdfview/book/4094 UR - https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/76647 ER -