Satarug, Soisungwan <br/><br/>
Cadmium Sources and Toxicity 

 -  MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute  2019 
 - 1 electronic resource (130 p.) 
<br/><br/> Open Access 
<br/><br/> Cadmium (Cd) is an environmental toxicant of continuing public health concern worldwide, because total diet studies have shown that Cd is present in virtually all foodstuffs. Consequently, foods that are frequently consumed in large quantities, such as rice, potatoes, wheat, leafy salad vegetables, and other cereal crops, are the most significant dietary Cd sources. Moreover, Cd has chemical propensities that confer the potential to interfere with the physiological functions of calcium and zinc. Evidence of a wide range of diverse, toxic effects of Cd is increasingly apparent. In this collection, environmental Cd exposure is linked to an increased risk of chronic kidney disease that is known to be a cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Cd is also implicated in an early onset of menarche and deaths from cancer, especially in the uterus, kidney, and urinary tract. Moreover, Cd-induced kidney injury is replicated in Sprague Dawley rats, as is Cd-induced periodontal disease. Experimental studies suggest that the development of kidneys in fetuses and the function of insulin-producing cells may be adversely affected by Cd and that metformin, an anti-diabetic drug, is ineffective in Cd-intoxicated Wistar rats. 
<br/><br/><br/>Creative Commons 
<br/><br/><br/>English 
<br/><br/><label>ISBN: </label>books978-3-03897-985-2 9783038979852 9783038979845 
<br/><br/><label>Standard No.: </label>10.3390/books978-3-03897-985-2  doi 
<br/><br/><label>Subjects--Index Terms: </label>microRNAs n/a embryonic kidneys exposure assessment image analysis periodontal disease menopause nephrotoxicity urine protein mitochondrial morphology female alveolar bone population health glomerular filtration rate threshold limit biomarkers toxicity threshold limit osteotoxicity intrauterine exposure metabolic syndrome dietary cadmium periodontitis cadmium toxicity metabolic disruptor cadmium urine cadmium chronic kidney disease N-acetyl-?-d-glucosaminidase estimated glomerular filtration rate one health clinical kidney function measure ?2-microglobulin cause of death follow-up study menarche HIF-1 bioenergetics sub-lethal exposure metformin toxicological mechanism tubular dysfunction mitochondrial network environmental pollution mortality body burden indicator cancer hypertension