McGonigle, Andrew <br/><br/>
Volcanic Plumes.Impacts on the Atmosphere and Insights into Volcanic Processes 

 -  MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute  2019 
 - 1 electronic resource (252 p.) 
<br/><br/> Open Access 
<br/><br/> Volcanoes release plumes of gas and ash to the atmosphere during episodes of passive and explosive behavior. These ejecta have important implications for the chemistry and composition of the troposphere and stratosphere, with the capacity to alter Earth's radiation budget and climate system over a range of temporal and spatial scales. Volcanogenic sulphur dioxide reacts to form sulphate aerosols, which increase global albedo, e.g., by reducing surface temperatures, in addition to perturbing the formation processes and optical properties of clouds. Released halogen species can also deplete stratospheric and tropospheric ozone. Volcanic degassing, furthermore, played a key role in the formation of Earth’s atmosphere, and volcanic plumes can affect air quality, pose hazards to aviation and human health, as well as damage ecosystems. The chemical compositions and emission rates of volcanic plumes are also monitored via a range of direct-sampling and remote-sensing instrumentation, in order to gain insights into subterranean processes, in the respect of the magmatic bodies these volatiles exsolve from. Given the significant role these gases play in driving volcanic activity, e.g., via pressurisation, the study of volcanic plumes is proving to be an increasingly fruitful means of improving our understanding of volcanic systems, potentially in concert with observations from geophysics and contributions from fluid dynamical modelling of conduit dynamics. 
<br/><br/><br/>Creative Commons 
<br/><br/><br/>English 
<br/><br/><label>ISBN: </label>books978-3-03897-629-5 9783038976288 
<br/><br/><label>Standard No.: </label>10.3390/books978-3-03897-629-5  doi 
<br/><br/><label>Subjects--Index Terms: </label>n/a radioactive disequilibria 210Pb-210Bi-210Po volcanic geochemistry radiative transfer spherical-cap bubble plume satellite remote sensing portable photometry puffing Holuhraun interdisciplinary volcanology gas slug atmospheric remote sensing analysis software gases image processing remote sensing SEVIRI data oxygen and sulfur multi-isotopes nonlinear spectral unmixing UV cameras ultraviolet cameras cloud height atmospheric chemistry Python 2.7 degassing processes volcanic plumes fissure eruption radiative forcing basaltic volcanism volcanic plume top height O3 eruption start and duration Differential Absorption Lidar (DIAL) volcanic emissions volcanology volcanic CO2 flux volcanic aerosols 2011–2015 Etna lava fountains SO2 reactive halogen nonlinear PCA gas Etna volcano geochemical modelling BrO volcanic sulfate aerosols volcanic gases SSA hyperspectral remote sensing time averaged discharge rate eruption monitoring Bárðarbunga strombolian aerosol optical properties Mount Etna Taylor bubble