000			03483naaaa2200433uu 4500
001			https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/59187
005			20220220032232.0
020			_a/doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51664-6
020			_a9783319516646
020			_a9783319516639
024	7		_ahttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51664-6 _cdoi
041	0		_aEnglish
042			_adc
100	1		_aFlorian Schmaltz _4auth
700	1		_aMartin Wolf _4auth
700	1		_aBretislav Friedrich _4auth
700	1		_aDieter Hoffmann _4auth
700	1		_aJürgen Renn _4auth
245	1	0	_aOne Hundred Years of Chemical Warfare: Research, Deployment, Consequences
260			_bSpringer Nature _c2017
300			_a1 electronic resource (408 p.)
506	0		_aOpen Access _2star _fUnrestricted online access
520			_aOn April 22, 1915, the German military released 150 tons of chlorine gas at Ypres, Belgium. Carried by a long-awaited wind, the chlorine cloud passed within a few minutes through the British and French trenches, leaving behind at least 1,000 dead and 4,000 injured. This chemical attack, which amounted to the first use of a weapon of mass destruction, marks a turning point in world history. The preparation as well as the execution of the gas attack was orchestrated by Fritz Haber, the director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry in Berlin-Dahlem. During World War I, Haber transformed his research institute into a center for the development of chemical weapons (and of the means of protection against them). Bretislav Friedrich and Martin Wolf (Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, the successor institution of Haber’s institute) together with Dieter Hoffmann, Jürgen Renn, and Florian Schmaltz (Max Planck Institute for the History of Science) organized an international symposium to commemorate the centenary of the infamous chemical attack. The symposium examined crucial facets of chemical warfare from the first research on and deployment of chemical weapons in WWI to the development and use of chemical warfare during the century hence. The focus was on scientific, ethical, legal, and political issues of chemical weapons research and deployment — including the issue of dual use — as well as the ongoing effort to control the possession of chemical weapons and to ultimately achieve their elimination. The volume consists of papers presented at the symposium and supplemented by additional articles that together cover key aspects of chemical warfare from 22 April 1915 until the summer of 2015.
540			_aCreative Commons _fhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ _2cc _4https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
546			_aEnglish
653			_aAnti-plant Chemical Warfare
653			_aWeapons of Mass Destruction
653			_aMilitary-Industrial Complex
653			_aEthics of Chemical Warfare
653			_aFritz Haber
653			_aLethal Unitary Chemical Agents and Munitions
653			_aChemical Weapons in the Middle East
653			_aDual-use Problem
653			_aChemical Weapons During World War II
653			_a1925 Geneva Protocol
653			_aChemical Weapons During World War I
856	4	0	_awww.oapen.org _uhttps://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-319-51664-6 _70 _zDOAB: download the publication
856	4	0	_awww.oapen.org _uhttps://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/59187 _70 _zDOAB: description of the publication
999			_c62082 _d62082