000 04702naaaa2200637uu 4500
001 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/37284
020 _a9781474221559.ch-009
024 7 _a10.5040/9781474221559.ch-009
_cdoi
041 0 _aEnglish
042 _adc
072 7 _aJ
_2bicssc
072 7 _aJP
_2bicssc
100 1 _aŠtiks, Igor
_4auth
245 1 0 _aChapter 8 Enemies : Citizenship as a Trigger of Violence
260 _aLondon
_bBloomsbury Academic
_c2015
300 _a1 electronic resource (133-148 p.)
506 0 _aOpen Access
_2star
_fUnrestricted online access
520 _aChapter 8 shows the connection between a certain vision of citizenship – in this context, ethnonationally defined – and violence, and how citizenship is crucial though under-researched trigger of violence. To examine why and how this violence happened, and what was the role of citizenship, the chapter examines the whole post-socialist post-partition European states. It argues that the fate of many citizens of the former socialist federations in the context of their imminent disintegration was determined by their answers to the following questions: Did the incipient states (republics) and the federal centre accept the separation and the existing borders? Did all groups and all regions accept independence and the authorities of the new states? The analysis of the possible answers to these questions across post-socialist Europe brings us to three decisive triggers of violence: citizenship, borders and territories, and, finally in the early 1990s, the role of the military apparatus of defunct federations. One could safely conclude that there is an intimate historic affinity between citizenship and war. From the antique city-states where full citizenship status was acquired by serving in war (Anderson 1996: 28, 33; Pocock 1998), via the traditional military draft for men (and in some places for women) to contemporary practices that enable immigrants and foreigners serving in the armed forces, such as the US army or in the Légion étrangère, an easier access to citizenship. There is a historic relationship between ‘blood’, either inherited or spilled (one’s own or of other people), and citizenship. However, violence related to citizenship is not only physical but often invisible. It is the violence of administrative decisions, hierarchy of different statuses, ‘wrong’ passports and ‘papers’ or deprivations of citizenship. In the following chapter, I will also tackle the issue of physically invisible but nonetheless effective violence caused by the post-Yugoslav citizenship regimes. In this chapter though, I will turn to the outbreak of that ‘visible’ violence that spread across almost all corners of the former Yugoslavia. To examine why and how this violence happened, and what was the role of citizenship, we need to cast the net more widely all over post-socialist post-partition European states.
540 _aCreative Commons
_fhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/
_2cc
_4https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/
546 _aEnglish
650 7 _aSociety & social sciences
_2bicssc
650 7 _aPolitics & government
_2bicssc
653 _acitizenship
653 _apost-socialist europe
653 _aviolence
653 _aborders
653 _a1989
653 _aterritories
653 _adisintegration
653 _aethnic conflicts
653 _afederal armies
653 _acitizenship
653 _apost-socialist europe
653 _aviolence
653 _aborders
653 _a1989
653 _aterritories
653 _adisintegration
653 _aethnic conflicts
653 _afederal armies
653 _aCroatia
653 _aKosovo
653 _aRussia
653 _aSerbia
653 _aSerbia and Montenegro
653 _aSerbs
653 _aSerbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina
653 _aTransnistria
653 _aYugoslav People's Army
773 1 0 _0OAPEN Library ID: 642979
_7nnaa
856 4 0 _awww.oapen.org
_uhttps://library.oapen.org/bitstream/20.500.12657/30750/1/642979.pdf
_70
_zDOAB: download the publication
856 4 0 _awww.oapen.org
_uhttps://library.oapen.org/bitstream/20.500.12657/30750/1/642979.pdf
_70
_zDOAB: download the publication
856 4 0 _awww.oapen.org
_uhttps://library.oapen.org/bitstream/20.500.12657/30750/1/642979.pdf
_70
_zDOAB: download the publication
856 4 0 _awww.oapen.org
_uhttps://library.oapen.org/bitstream/20.500.12657/30750/1/642979.pdf
_70
_zDOAB: download the publication
856 4 0 _awww.oapen.org
_uhttps://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/37284
_70
_zDOAB: description of the publication
999 _c82372
_d82372